Design of Stable In-Channel Wood Debris Structures for Bank Protection and Habitat Restoration: An Example from The Cowlitz River, WA

Most river bank protection structures are not designed to improve  aquatic or riparian habitat and restoration projects often lack sufficient engineering and geomorphic analysis. Recognition of the ecological importance of instream wood debris (WD) has led to its extensive re-introduction in many parts of the United States, but limited understanding of the WD stability hampered these efforts. After appropriate analysis to determine the appropriate size, position, frequency, and type of WD, engineered log jams (ELJs) can restore riverine habitat and in some situations provide effective bank protection.